Non-contact CO2 Laser Marking is an excellent method of permanent marking. The laser beam either oxidizes or removes material with an incised groove cut, by vaporizing the surface with heat from the beam. Sometimes this is accompanied by a color change and/or a frosting of the cut, such as with cuts in acrylic.
There are also a number of laser mark options crreated by engraving coated materials such as anodized aluminum, which creates a crisp, clean, permanent mark. This is an excellent method for engraving graphics or photographs onto materials.